Talk given in Malaysia on 15th chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
 April 2008

   The 13th chapter of the Srimad Bhagavad Gita, deals with a most modern topic – The Field. Before the advent of quantum physics, the field was just a place where grass grew and cows grazed and children played but now it has come to mean something far more than this. This word, “the field” has always meant something special in Indian philosophy and especially in the Bhagavad Gita. In the seventh chapter Lord Krishna says that the universal field is composed of the five elements, earth, water, fire, air, ether, and the individual field is composed of our five senses which correspond to the five elements along with the mind, intellect and ego. This he says is his lower Prakriti, which is the womb of all creatures. It is only in the thirteenth chapter that he calls this the Kshetra or “The Field”. The knower of this field in all its aspects is the Kshetrajna or the Lord Himself. The idea of such a field is a novel one in the west. The word came to be used only in the 20th century.


All scientists are eager to find out about the external world. The scientific mentality is always enthusiastic about discovering everything about this world in which we live. India had an equal number of scientists who were just as eager to know about the external world. The rishis or the great sages of India were scientists but there was a vast difference in their methodology since they were also spiritualists. So even though the first question they asked themselves was “What is this”? Their second question was “Who is this “I” who wants to know”? They realized that without knowledge of the “knower” nothing can be known in its fullness.

This is the first mistake made by western science. They tried to eliminate the knower totally from their investigations and for this crime they have had to suffer till the present age. The reason for this was that they created a big chasm between Man, Nature and God. These three were considered to be totally separate entities with no possibility of getting to know each other. The division between science and spirituality arose from this mistake and lasted for a long time. This separation has never existed in India. From the beginning the rishis realized that the foundation of life was spiritual and not material and unless you were able to find the spirit within us we would never be able to fathom the nature of the material world. Thus the Vedic rishis were able to discover a lot of details about the material world which western science took many millenniums to learn. The question may be asked as to why India was not first in the technological field. The fact was that their research into the material world was only a by-product of their research into the inner world. Having conquered the inner, they had no more desire for the trivia of the material world. So they did not pursue their investigations in that particular field. Their only interest lay in attaining that inner world by which they could get liberation from the trammels of earthly life.

 The western approach to the world was quite different. In order to find out the secrets of nature they ravaged her instead of wooing her. Nature of course is a very harsh mistress and she released her secrets one by one in a very niggardly fashion, always reserving a few up her sleeve. So you find that the history of modern science has been one of discovery after discovery with the previous one being refuted and replaced by another. Even now they haven't come to an end of their research.

Their method was to take just a small portion of nature for their critical investigation. The discoveries from this portion were applied to the whole and this resulted in a fragmentary vision of life which is not conducive to a happy and fulfilled life. The rishis on the other hand aimed at a total revelation of truth. True wisdom is a marriage between perfect knowledge and perfect action. Their vision was to get a comprehensive view of reality so their question was always “How do we get to know the one who wants to know? How can we know anything unless we know ourselves”?

In the thirteenth chapter, Lord Krishna says that the entire universe is a field for the play of god. This field has two parts. On the universal level it includes the whole of cosmic manifestation and on the individual level it consists of the body, mind, intellect and ego. The first cannot be separated from the other. It is only now that western science is coming to understand this truth.

Let us take a look at the history of western science. It started with Ptolemy who declared that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun went round it. Since our sense organs complemented this view there was no controversy about this. Next came Copernicus who gave the heliocentric view of the universe and turned the attention of man from the earth to the heavens. He declared that the sun was the center of the universe and the earth and all other planets went round it. But this was declared to be pure blasphemy since it contradicted the bible so he was executed for his heretical views. This is something which could never have happened in India where science and religion went hand in hand and the individual was given complete freedom to express his views even if it went against the sayings of the Puranas and Vedas.

For the next few centuries the church completely dominated the scientific scene so there was no scope for free thought or new ideas. The next great scientist on the western front was Galileo who supported the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe but when he was threatened with torture by the church for his heretical opinions he was forced to give in and say that he had only mentioned these views and did not actually support them!

For many centuries after this western science was in abeyance since the church continued to dominate the scene. However with the advent of Newton in the eighteenth century things underwent a dramatic change. The eighteenth century was the age of reason. Newton declared that the universe was a machine with its own implacable, unalterable laws and it would go on working with or without the human being. It was a highly predictable world in which everything could be proved by scientific experiments. God, if he was accepted at all was pictured like a big clock maker who had all the intricate pieces of the clock laid out in an orderly manner so that it ticked on without his help! Man was only a small cog in the universal machine. This was really a big blow to the human psyche which had been reduced to a mere cog from being part of the divine.

On the biological field the status of the human being was reduced to an even more pitiable state. Darwin’s views of natural selection and survival of the fittest claimed that evolution was random, purposeless, predatory and solitary. Life was not about sharing and caring but about fighting and surviving somehow or other. Survival of the fittest meant that at the head of the evolutionary cycle stood the terrorist who could be depended upon to stay alive even at the cost of the extermination of the whole human race if need be.  This gave rise to a brutal sense of isolation in the human being. This philosophy is what has lead to our peculiar modern psyche which insists that the only way to live is to kill, and exterminate the weaker races so that the strongest would survive. This is what has given birth to the Hitlers and Mussolini's of the world. Children are taught that the eater, eaten being eaten is the law of life so let me eat the other one first before he eats me. But what Darwin missed out totally in his theory of the survival of the fittest is that actually in Nature, the infant of each specie is far from being the fittest and is actually the weakest. It can survive only by the power of love. It’s the mother’s love and tender care which makes the small of each specie to survive against all odds. Thus love is basic to all evolution, basic to the survival of life on this earth. Without love no creature can survive. This is the philosophy which should be ought to our children and not the law of the jungle.

Now let us go back to Newtonian physics. The mechanistic view of the Newtonian world was blasted to bits by a young man called Einstein with his simple equation e=mc2. With one stroke of his puny pen, this genius exploded the Newtonian world as effectively as the atomic blast of Hiroshima. His theory of relativity changed the whole concept of an orderly and balanced world which remained static.  He declared that matter and energy are inter convertible and therefore there is nothing called matter as we see it. He also gave another blow to Newtonian physics which had always held that Time and Space were eternal verities which depended on nothing else. He affirmed that there was nothing called infinite space and eternal time. They could not exist separately and existed only jointly with each other. He coined the word “space-time” which in modern parlance is known as the 4th dimension. You can imagine what an impact these findings had on western science. People found it hard to believe in the law of relativity even though Einstein proved it with his mathematical formulae. He said that there we nothing absolute in the world. Everything is relative. Actually to the Indian mind this is not such a revolutionary statement. The rishis of India had put the same thing in a slightly different way. They said, “The Absolute alone is Real. Everything else is relative”. Einstein also said that the only certain thing in the world is “change”. The universe we live in is not a static, mechanistic universe but a constantly changing, ever renewing one. This is what the Buddha had declared many millenniums ago. Einstein must surely have been the reincarnation of one of the ancient rishis.

The rishis had also known that the stability and reality of matter was only apparent and not real. That is why they called this world of multifarious forms as “Maya” or illusion. In reality, nothing is as it appears to our eyes. Maya means only this – ya-ma- that which does not exist. When our ancient sages with gray beards and strange accents made this pronouncement we shrugged it off as nonsense but when the modern scientists proclaim this we are prone to believe in them even though our senses say this cannot be true. We believe it because they tell us that it can be proved. This is the method of western science that a statement is acceptable only if it can be proved. But very often they found that though they could prove the verity of a statement they were still unable to prove its falsity and according to Indian tradition a thing which cannot be proved false may still be considered as true. For instance we might not be able to prove the existence of God but neither are we able to prove His non-existence. Thus we have no right to categorically declare that He does not exist. At best we can only say that He might or might not exist! Today western science is slowly veering towards the Indian concept of a field of all possibilities in which a thing which cannot be proved need not necessarily be false.
Even Einstein’s idea of space -time as a dual phenomenon which does not exist by itself but only in conjunction with matter was known to the Indian rishis. They knew that time as we know it on this earth is very different from time in space. Due to their ability to travel in the astral world, they were able to go to different spheres in outer space, much like the modern astronaut who goes to different planets.
There is a popular science fiction story to explain this idea to the common man. One of a pair of twins was an astronaut and he took a trip to a star twenty-five light years away in a spaceship which could travel almost at the speed of light. The twin brother remained on earth. Fifty years later the earth bound twin who is a grandfather bent with age goes to the spaceport to welcome his brother who bounds down the gangplank. For him only one year had elapsed and he was still young and vigorous.

In our Puranas many such stories are given which show that the ancients knew this phenomenon very well and the fact that in astral worlds, time as we know it on earth does not exist. One human year is supposed to be just one day of the gods and in the world of Brahma the creator, one day is an eon on earth. The Bhagavad Purana narrates the story of Revathi, the wife of Balrama, the brother of Krishna. She had been born in the Treta Yuga and had gone with her father to the court of Brahma. They spent only a day there but when they returned to the earth they found that the earth had passed through an incalculable passage of time. It was already in the Dwapara Yuga which was another age according to earthly calculations! Revathi was so tall that her father could not find a man tall enough to marry her since human beings had become much shorter in the Dwapara yuga.  Balrama was the only fitting husband for her for he was huge enough to suit her size. Hence the fact that time has only a relative meaning and is not an absolute concept had been recognized long ago in India, Hence Indians have a poor conception of time and are always blamed for their unpunctuality!
 
Even though Einstein had proved that matter and energy were inter-convertible, he had still to discover that energy field. When he died he as on the verge of making another astounding discovery – that of the unified field. His intuition told him that this duality was only apparent and there must exist a unity underlying it but before he could discover that field he died and his work was carried on by those who came after him.
Today’s physicists have at last discovered this field which they have called the zero point field. They discovered what is known as the elementary particles but then they found out that the particles had no meaning by themselves. They became meaningful only in connection with other particles. They also discovered that all living things are a coalescence of energy in a field of energy that is connected to every other thing in the world. This pulsating field is the center of our existence. Duality does not exist in this field. It is a homogenous mass of throbbing energy which controls every aspect of our lives both personal and universal. It carries a blueprint of existence for eternity. This field is what determines everything and not genes and germs. As Einstein said “The field is the only reality”. This had been discovered by our sages ten thousand years before. How much time had passed before western science has stumbled on this truth. The Puranas have always declared that we create our own worlds. We are not isolated bits of flotsam. “No man is an island.” We are connected by the ocean bed under us and lapped by the same waves all round us. This being the case how can we deny anyone else, how hurt or punish or kill anyone else.
.
The Puranas describe this zero point field as the Ksheera sagara or the ocean of milk on which Vishnu reposes. In the Devi Purana the Maha Devi has her abode in the middle of this ocean on an island called “The Mani Dwipa”. This ocean is a field of all possibilities. The story of the churning of the ocean is actually an esoteric story which tells us how we create our own worlds. The devas and asuras stand for the positive and negative aspects of the human personality. Using the churn of space called ‘mandara” and the rope of “time” called “ananta” each one churns out for himself whatever he or she wants from life. Many wondrous things come out of this ocean of all possibilities. All types of material goods meant to charm the hearts of the human being appear at the beginning. The wish-fulfilling cow called Kamadhenu, the tree of plenty called the “Ashwattha” and many such enticing things appear one after the other. We run after them in our eagerness to possess them. The world has a thousand things to tempt us and each one can get what he or she desires. But it will be noted that in the story the final thing to come out was the nectar of immortality. If that is our desire it will also be fulfilled.
However western science is still to make the final leap which Indian sages took long ago. Though they have accepted the fact that matter and energy are inter-convertible, they are still to admit that matter, energy and consciousness are inter-convertible. To the western mind these ideas are really shocking whereas to the Indian mind accustomed to reading the Puranic stories, they seem commonplace for they are embedded in our sub-conscious. Today the field of consciousness has leaped to prominence and many experiments are being carried out on consciousness and how it controls every aspect of our life.
 
Another astounding discovery of quantum physics was that the zero point field is beyond space and time. Western science can only guess at these probabilities but Indian yogis have actually experienced this. A yogi who is established in this field can actually know the course of events both in the past and the future. They can even change the course of future events. This is a known fact even in ordinary Indian life. A puja is a ritual in which a god is invoked in order to fulfill certain desires of the devotee. One of the first items in this ritual is called sankalpa. This is the intention with which the person is doing the puja. This may be for passing an exam or getting a good job or anything else. But this sankalpa or intention of the doer is supposed to be so powerful that it can actually change the course of events in the future. Thus in India we realized from the earliest times that the doer of the action or the experimenter is the most important factor which decides the result of the action.

Western science tried to divorce the knower from the field of knowledge and tried to reduce the experimenter to the lowest key for it feared that the mind set of the experimenter would change the course of the experiment.  They could not accept the fact that without the knower, the field could not be known, in fact it couldn't even exist. Today quantum physics is realizing that it is indeed the mind set of the experimenter which brings to focus everything from this vast field of all possibilities. Without the knower nothing can be known. Even though this seems to be an obvious fact yet strangely enough western science with its insistence on empirical proofs has only now come to an acceptance of this truth. Far from divorcing the experimenter it is only because of the experimenter that the experiment has any possibility of success.

 Lord Krishna says in the 13th chapter, “Kshetra-kshetrajna yo jnanam tat thwat jnanam matham mama.” “I think that the knowledge of the field and the knower of the field is the only true knowledge.”
There is another important difference in western and eastern science. Even though western science seems to be coming closer to many important facts which have always been known in India the fact is that their discoveries are not easily available to the common man.  What do all these mathematical formulas mean to the ordinary man? It is said that when Einstein discovered the theory of relativity there were only 9 people in the whole world who understood him. Of course now there are many more, but the fact remains that to the majority of human kind, quantum physics is still a mystery which they are not even interested in unraveling.
The rishis however as I have stressed again and again were not only scientists but spiritualists. From the beginning they knew that it was the inner world which controlled the outer. Without discovering the secret of their innermost self it was useless to try and price open the secrets of external nature. They knew that the answers to the questions they were seeking could only come through revelation and not through logic. Thus they devised various systems of yoga and meditation through which sense data could be experienced in their wholeness rather than in a piece meal fashion. These techniques were aimed at expanding the capacity of the mind and making it into a tool by which it could conduct experiments on nature on a holistic basis. Having known the field of all possibilities which was connected with everything else, their minds could plunge into that field and come up with all the answers to their queries. If they wanted to find out the secret of a star they meditated on the star so that they became one with it and thus all the secrets of that star were revealed to them without any instrumentation!

The modern seeker is amazed to find out how much the Vedic seers knew about abstruse subjects like, astronomy, astrology mathematics, botany and so on. They had no scientific equipment or modern technology. Using only the laboratory of their minds they discovered all the secrets of nature, which modern science came to know only at the beginning of the 18th century. Using the techniques of yoga the ordinary mind was enabled to plunge into the level of the cosmic mind or the zero point field through which the yogi could know anything, past, present and future. The yogi who was established on this level of the mind was able to receive direct signals from the cosmic mind. They knew everything only through “manasa vijnana” or the power of the mind. They had answers to questions like, “From which womb does this universe come and into which void does it disappear”?

“How is the material world supported by the immaterial space”? And so on. However they were not really interested in acquiring arid facts just for the sake of knowledge. Their inquiries were always directed towards the main purpose of human life which was to gain liberation. Their hearts overflowed with love for the whole of humanity and they searched for a method by which the rest of humanity could benefit from their great discoveries. The result of their experiments is found in the mantras and yantras of the Hindu religion as well as the many paths of yoga and meditation found in the scriptures.

They devised a method of living symbols in terms of divine forces. In order to contact these forces they formulated the science of sounds or mantras. A mantra is like a mathematical formula which captures the sound pattern of the deity.  In fact they are sound capsules which codify the mysteries of the gods within their sound. These sounds are capable of conveying physical, mental and supra-sensual realities within their frame. What is more important is that these capsules, like the capsules of modern medicine could be used by anyone even without knowledge of their meaning or their purpose.


A yantra is a geometrical design which is a storehouse of divine power. All the forms in creation are nothing but condensations of divine energy, and a yantra due to its mathematical precision is a powerhouse of spiritual energy. It is drawn with lines, circles, squares and triangles. Within its concrete form it encloses the uncontrollable power of the deity. It limits the limitless within a figure of criss-cross lines that bind and channel the power of the deity. It creates a field of power that lives, breathes and moves with life because the power of the divine has been invoked into it. The rishis pulled out these yantras from the vast ocean of consciousness, the zero point field that holds within it all conceivable forms. These yantras when placed in a house emit their energy into the atmosphere and change the vibrations within the house. Hence they can be used even by one who knows nothing about its power. It is impossible to imagine how much knowledge and how much compassion the rishis had so that they could invoke the power of the divine thorough their consciousness in a way that could benefit the whole of humanity.

Unlike the world of science which is open only to the few who have the intelligence to appreciate it, the magic world which was discovered by our ancients has benefited even the uninitiated from those ancient times to this very day The rishis opened our consciousness to a world of love and beauty and not one of arid facts.
The Gita describes this all Knower or Supreme Consciousness as the kshetrajna or the knower of the field. The field may be composed of many items but the Knower is one. He is the Lord of all and is seated within the heart of every creature.

“sarvatha panipadam tat
sarvata shishiromukham,
sarvathasrutimanloke,
sarvamavritya thishtati.”

Question:
 
 In the 4th chapter of the Gita, the Lord speaks of
 various sacrifices. Offering hearing and other sense
 functions, daily study of Vedas, austerities,
 wealth, prana etc. as sacrifice.
 1. Does this sacrifice mean doing all these things
 for the sake of God alone without a selfish motive?
 Is this then the same as what is called Karma Yoga?
 2. What is the meaning of this line? Those who
 partake of nectar, the sacramental remnants of
 sacrifice, attain to the eternal Brahman.
 
Love and Namaskarams,
Nandini

Dearest Nandini,

When every action is done as a yajna (offering to god;
sacrifice) then it becomes karma yoga. This is what is
meant by prasada buddhi. Anything that comes is taken
as prasadam (left over of what has been offeed to
God). This applies to not just food offerings but the
results of any of our actions. Whatever we get should
be consideed as prasadam. This teaches us to accept
everything that happens with equanimity and joy since
its all His prasadam. Hope I have made it clear.
Love and bessings,
                          Amma